LIBOR, sau ɗaya mafi mahimmancin lamba a kasuwannin kuɗi, zai ɓace daga tarihi bayan Yuni 2023 kuma ba za a ƙara amfani da shi don farashin lamuni ba.

Farawa a cikin 2022, yawancin lamunin masu ba da lamuni masu daidaitawa suna da alaƙa da ma'auni - SOFR.

Ta yaya SOFR ke shafar ƙimar lamuni mai iyo?Me yasa za a yi amfani da SOFR maimakon LIBOR?

A cikin wannan labarin za mu bayyana ainihin abin da SOFR yake da kuma menene manyan wuraren da ake damuwa yayin ƙididdige ƙimar riba mai daidaitawa.

 

Daidaitacce-Rate Lamunin Lamuni (ARM)

Idan aka yi la'akari da yawan kuɗin ruwa na yanzu, mutane da yawa suna zaɓar lamunin daidaitacce, wanda kuma aka sani da ARMs (daidaitacce-Rate jinginar gida).

Kalmar “daidaitacce” tana nufin adadin ribar yana canzawa a cikin shekarun da aka biya lamuni: An amince da tsayayyen adadin ribar na farkon shekarun farko, yayin da adadin ribar sauran shekarun da suka rage ana daidaita su a lokaci-lokaci (yawanci kowane watanni shida). ko shekara).

Misali, 5/1 ARM yana nufin cewa an kayyade adadin riba na shekaru 5 na farko na biyan kuɗi kuma yana canzawa kowace shekara bayan haka.

A lokacin da ake iyo, duk da haka, ana yin madaidaicin ƙimar riba (iyakoki), misali 5/1 ARM yawanci yana biye da lambar lambobi uku 2/1/5.

·2 yana nufin hular farko don daidaitawar sha'awa (wurin daidaitawa na farko).Idan yawan ribar ku na farko na shekaru 5 na farko shine kashi 6%, adadin kuɗin a cikin shekara ta shida ba zai iya wuce 6% + 2% = 8%.

·1 yana nufin hula ga kowane daidaitawar kuɗin ruwa sai na farko (fila don gyare-gyare na gaba), watau matsakaicin 1% na kowane daidaitawar kuɗin ruwa wanda ya fara a shekara ta 7.

·5 yana nufin mafi girman iyaka don daidaita ƙimar riba a duk tsawon lokacin lamuni (madaidaicin madaurin rayuwa), watau ƙimar riba ba zata wuce 6% + 5% = 11% na shekaru 30 ba.

Saboda lissafin ARM yana da rikitarwa, masu karbar bashi waɗanda ba su saba da ARMs sukan fada cikin rami ba!Don haka, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ga masu ba da bashi su fahimci yadda ake ƙididdige yawan adadin riba.

 

Menene manyan wuraren da SOFR ke damuwa yayin ƙididdige yawan iyo?

Don 5/1 ARM, ƙayyadaddun adadin ribar na shekaru 5 na farko ana kiransa ƙimar farawa, kuma adadin ribar da ya fara a cikin shekara ta 6 shine cikakken ƙimar riba, wanda aka ƙididdige ta ta index + gefe, inda gefe ya kasance. kayyade kuma fihirisar ita ce gabaɗaya matsakaicin SOFR na kwanaki 30.

Tare da gefe na 3% da matsakaicin kwanakin 30 na yanzu SOFR shine 4.06%, ƙimar riba a cikin shekara ta 6th zai zama 7.06%.

Menene ainihin wannan fihirisar SOFR?Bari mu fara da yadda daidaitattun ƙimar lamuni ke zuwa.

A Landan a cikin shekarun 1960, lokacin da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ke tabarbarewa, babu bankunan da ke son yin lamuni na dogon lokaci a kan tsayuwar farashin kayayyaki saboda suna cikin hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki kuma akwai babban haɗari ga ƙimar riba.

Don magance wannan matsala, bankuna sun ƙirƙiri lamuni masu daidaitawa (ARMs).

A kowace ranar da aka sake saiti, membobin haɗin gwiwar daidaikun mutane suna tara kuɗin lamuni daban-daban a matsayin maƙasudin ƙima na sake saitin, daidaita adadin ribar da aka caje don nuna farashin kuɗi.

Kuma abin da ake nufi da wannan ƙimar sake saitin shine LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate), wanda sau da yawa za ku ji game da shi - ma'aunin da aka maimaita akai-akai a baya lokacin ƙididdige ƙimar riba mai daidaitawa.

Har zuwa 2008, a lokacin rikicin kuɗi, wasu bankunan sun ƙi yin la'akari da adadin lamuni masu yawa don rufe rikicin kuɗi na kansu.

Wannan ya fallasa manyan raunin LIBOR: An soki LIBOR da yawa don ba shi da tushe na kasuwanci kuma ana iya sarrafa shi cikin sauƙi.Tun daga wannan lokacin, buƙatar lamuni tsakanin bankunan ya ragu sosai.

Dangane da haɗarin bacewar LIBOR, Tarayyar Tarayya ta kafa Kwamitin Kula da Kuɗi na Alternative Reference (ARRC) a cikin 2014 don nemo sabon ƙima don maye gurbin LIBOR.

Bayan shekaru uku na aiki, ARRC a hukumance ta zaɓi Ƙimar Kuɗin Kuɗi na Dare (SOFR) a matsayin ƙimar canji a watan Yuni 2017.

Saboda SOFR ya dogara ne akan ƙimar dare ɗaya a cikin kasuwar ma'ajiya mai tallafi, kusan babu haɗarin bashi;kuma ana ƙididdige shi ta amfani da farashin ciniki, yin magudi da wahala;Bugu da kari, SOFR shine nau'in ciniki mafi girma a cikin kasuwar kuɗi, wanda zai iya nuna mafi kyawun ƙimar ƙimar riba a kasuwar kuɗi.

Don haka, farawa a cikin 2022, SOFR za a yi amfani da shi azaman ma'auni don farashin mafi yawan lamuni masu iyo.

 

Menene fa'idodin lamunin lamunin lamuni na daidaitacce?

Tarayyar Tarayya a halin yanzu tana cikin zagayowar hauhawar farashi kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙimar jinginar gida na shekaru 30 yana kan manyan matakai.

Duk da haka, idan hauhawar farashin kaya ya ragu sosai, Tarayyar Tarayya za ta shigar da sake zagayowar rage yawan riba kuma farashin jinginar gida zai koma matakan al'ada.

Idan farashin ribar kasuwa ya ragu a nan gaba, masu karɓar bashi na iya rage ƙimar biyan kuɗi yadda ya kamata kuma su amfana daga ƙananan ƙimar riba ba tare da sake samun kuɗi ta hanyar zabar lamuni mai daidaitacce ba.

Bugu da kari, lamunin lamuni masu daidaitawa suma yawanci suna da ƙarancin riba yayin lokacin sadaukarwa fiye da sauran lamunin ƙayyadaddun lamunin ƙayyadaddun rance da ƙarancin biyan kuɗi na gaba kowane wata.

Don haka a halin da ake ciki yanzu, lamuni mai canzawa zai zama zaɓi mai kyau.