Tsarin Kula da Ribar Riba ta Tarayya (Sashe na ɗaya)

A cikin kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi na duniya, TarayyarAjiyeTsarin kula da ƙimar riba ya kasance abin kulawa koyaushe. Don fahimtar wannan tsarin sosai, yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai a mai da hankali kan hanyoyin gudanar da aikinsa na yanzu ba har ma a sake nazarin juyin halittarsa ​​na tarihi. Sashi na farko na wannan labarin zai bincika tsarin lamunin ribar Riba ta Tarayya kafin rikicin kuɗi na 2008, yana aza harsashin bincike na gaba.

Bayanin Tsarin Ra'ayin Rate Corridor

Kafin barkewar rikicin hada-hadar kudi na shekarar 2008, bankunan tsakiya a kasashen da suka ci gaba, musamman a Turai da Amurka, sun saba amfani da tsarin kudin ruwa don daidaita farashin kasuwa. Tushen wannan tsarin shine saita iyaka babba da ƙasa don ƙimar riba, tabbatar da cewa farashin kasuwa yana canzawa a cikin wannan kewayon. Hanyar hanyar riba ba kawai tana daidaita tsammanin kasuwa ba har ma da haɓakaWADANNANbayyana gaskiya da tsinkayar manufofin kudi, ta haka ne ke kara tasirin sa.

Cikakkun Jarrabawar Tsarin Kula da Riba ta Tarayya (Sashe na ɗaya)

Musamman ma, mafi girman iyakar layin riba yawanci ana ƙaddara ta mafi girman ƙimar da babban bankin ke ba da rance ga bankunan, galibi yana nuna farashin da bankunan za su ci bashi daga babban bankin. Ana ƙididdige ƙananan iyaka ta hanyar kuɗin ruwa da babban bankin ya biya akan adadin ajiyar da bankunan suka yi. Waɗannan farashin guda biyu suna samar da kewayon da farashin ribar kasuwa ke canzawa, yana sa da wahala farashin kasuwa ya wuce wannan tazara.

Ɗaukar Babban Bankin Turai (ECB) a matsayin misali, tsarin hanyar kuɗin ruwa ya fi dacewa, tare da babban iyaka shine ƙimar lamuni na gefe da ƙananan iyaka shine adadin ajiya. Lokacin da farashin kasuwa ya kusanci mafi girman iyaka, bankunan sun fi karkata zuwa rance daga babban bankin kasa; Sabanin haka, lokacin da farashin kasuwa ya kusanci ƙananan iyaka, bankunan sun fi son saka kuɗin su zuwa babban bankin. Wannan tsari yana kiyaye ƙimar kasuwa a cikin tsayayyen kewayon, yana rage mita da ƙarfin sa hannun babban bankin tsakiya.

Tsarin Kula da Riba na Tarayyar Tarayya Kafin 2008

Kafin rikicin kuɗi na 2008, kuɗin kuɗin tarayya shine ainihin kayan aikin da Tarayyar Tarayya ke amfani da shi don daidaita kasuwa. Adadin kuɗaɗen tarayya yana nuna farashin lamuni na dare tsakanin bankuna kuma muhimmiyar alama ce ta ribar tsakanin bankunan. Ta hanyar daidaita wannan ƙimar, Tarayyar Tarayya na iya yin tasiri kan farashin kuɗi na bankuna, ta yadda hakan ya shafi ayyukan tattalin arziki gabaɗaya a kaikaice kamar amfani,zuba jari, da ci gaban tattalin arziki.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa tsarin kula da kuɗin ruwa na Tarayyar Tarayya a wancan lokacin yana da wasu halaye na musamman idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe. Matsakaicin iyaka mafi girma shine ƙimar taga rangwame, wanda shine ƙimar da Tarayyar Tarayya ke ba wa bankuna rance. Duk da haka, ba kamar tsarin layin riba na yau da kullun ba, Tarayyar Tarayya ba ta saita ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima ba saboda ba ta biya riba a ajiyar banki ba. Wannan bisa ka'ida yana nufin cewa ƙananan iyaka ya kusan kusan sifili.

Duk da haka, har yanzu babban bankin tarayya ya sami damar daidaita farashin kasuwa ta hanyar gudanar da ayyukan kasuwa, wato saye da sayar da hannun jarin gwamnati, da tabbatar da cewa farashin kasuwa ya tashi a daidai adadin kudaden da gwamnatin tarayya ta kulla. Tasirin ayyukan kasuwannin buɗe ido yana cikin ƙaramin ma'auni na asusun ajiyar banki da aka gudanar a cikin Tarayyar Tarayya a wancan lokacin, wanda hakan ya sa bankunan suka fi karkata zuwa babban bankin tarayya a lokutan da ake fama da matsananciyar ruwa, ta yadda za a tabbatar da ingancin mafi girman ƙimar.

Canje-canje Bayan Rikicin Kudi na 2008

Rikicin hada-hadar kudi na shekarar 2008 ya yi tasiri sosai kan tsarin hada-hadar kudi na duniya, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a tsarin kula da kudaden ruwa na Tarayyar Tarayya. Don mayar da martani ga rikicin, Tarayyar Tarayya ba kawai aiwatar da manyan tsare-tsare masu sauƙi na ƙididdigewa ba amma kuma ta gabatar da sha'awar ajiyar kuɗi (IOER). Wannan sabon kayan aiki ya canza yanayi da sikelin ajiyar da bankuna ke riƙe a Tarayyar Tarayya.

Kafin rikicin kuɗi, ajiyar banki a Tarayyar Tarayya ya kusan dala biliyan 10, amma a farkon 2009, wannan sikelin ya haura zuwa dala biliyan 800. Ko da shekaru biyu bayan Tarayyar Tarayya ta fara haɓaka ƙimar riba da rage ma'auni, ma'auni na ajiyar ya kasance mai girma a dala tiriliyan 3. Wannan canjin ba wai kawai ya haɓaka ikon Tarayyar Tarayya don sarrafa ƙimar kasuwa ba amma kuma ya canza hanyoyin aiwatar da shi sosai.

Ta hanyar gabatar da IOER, Tarayyar Tarayya za ta iya sarrafa ƙimar kasuwa yadda ya kamata ba tare da buɗe kasuwanni akai-akai ba. Wannan sabon tsarin hanyar hanyar riba ya haɗa da ƙimar taga rangwame azaman babban iyaka da IOER a matsayin ƙananan iyaka, samar da ingantaccen tsarin ƙimar riba.

Kammalawa

A taƙaice, tsarin kula da kuɗin ruwa na Tarayyar Tarayya kafin rikicin kuɗi na 2008, ko da yake yana da sauƙi, yana da tasiri sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayin kasuwa na lokacin. Tare da barkewar rikicin kuɗi, Tarayyar Tarayya ta tilastawa daidaita kayan aikinta na aiki, ta gabatar da sabbin kayan ƙima don jure yanayin canjin kasuwa koyaushe. Fahimtar juyin halittar wannan tsarin ba kawai yana taimaka mana mu fahimci manufofin kuɗi na Tarayyar Tarayya ba amma har ma yana ba da mahimman bayanai don nazarin kwatance manufofin tattalin arziki na gaba.